The Plague as a Metaphor in Shelleys The Last Man :: Shelley The Last Man

The Plague as a Metaphor in Shelley's The Last Man      Ã‚   The Last Man was Mary Shelley's most ambitious and experimental work. Necessitating that a plague, which decimates mankind, is justified in its pursuit, Mary Shelley creates a world where utopian ideals can cause the destruction of mankind, if they are not checked by moral and ethical standards. Published in 1826, the novel was widely pilloried by a public who found it's gloomy tone and high Romanticism to be 'out of touch' with a more progressive society. Mary Shelley's concept of humanity decimated by a deadly plague affronted progressive politicians as godless and as a result, the novel was banned in Austria and became more of an in topic at dinner parties than a book to be seriously read. Since its publication, Mary Shelley scholars have ignored The Last Man and concentrated on Frankenstein because of the novel's reflection of the influential Romantic circle of Lord Byron and Percy Shelley. It wasn't until the feminist movement of the 1970's that the novel underwent a re birth and became critically judged as a work far superior to Frankenstein. Written three years after the death of Percy Shelley, The Last Man is a reflection of the political influence of William Godwin and the Romantic ideals of Lord Byron and Percy Shelley. Despite her initial desire to dedicate the work to the ideology of these men, The Last Man serves as Mary Shelley's repudiation of the utopian ideal perpetuated by Godwin, Shelley and Lord Byron. The plague serves as a metaphor for the failure of the utopian ideal to support the traditional needs of the family. As a biographical and political novel, The Last Man is Mary Shelley's quest to understand her husband, father and Lord Byron's political ideals and their subsequent failure to support her and her children.    Mary Shelley led a most extraordinary life. As the daughter of the radical writers, Mary Wollstonecraft and William Godwin, it appeared to be Mary's destiny to earn a living through her writing. As she states in her 1831 preface to Frankenstein, "It is not singular that, as the daughter of two persons of distinguished literary celebrity, I should have very early in life thought of writing" (Hindle 5). After the death of Percy Shelley in 1822, Mary spent the next three years trying to atone for what she believed were her sins against Shelley.

Revenue allocation Essay

Revenue means income. Allocation means to divide. Revenue allocation is defined as the division of available resources within an organisation or company. At a broader level, it is the process of assigning a cost to the amount of services and products generated. Government revenue is obtained from taxes, licenses and fees and allocated to public facilities. Because of the current revenue allocation formula In Nigeria, though there is a great deal of wealth In the country from the oil Industry, 64% of the population lives below the poverty line. While the federal government akes over half of all the money In the Nigerian federal account, little has been done to promote welfare and development projects that would benefit the general public. According to the Nigerian Revenue Moblllzatlon Allocation and Fiscal Commission, a new revenue allocation formula Is In the works, but It remains to be seen If these measures are enough to remedy the problem. When Nigeria’s maverick CBN Governor recently In an Interview Justified the sadlstlc, sub-human and horrific terrorist activities going on In the North of Nigeria by attributing It to the fact that 011 evenue was being unfairly shared on the basis of derivation primarily instead of population which is the North’s competitive advantage, I was shocked that such a flawed argument could come from such a respected Nigerian whose controversial reform of the Nigerian banking sector has won him praises and awards locally and internationally. SLS traced the root cause of terrorism in the North to grinding poverty in the North which he claims was caused by Nigeria’s use of the derivation principle instead of population as the primary yardstick for allocating revenue among he states. He believes that this preference for the derivation principle has short- changed the North and disadvantaged it. I totally disagree with SLS and will articulate in this article my reasons for disagreeing with him and my suggestions on the way forward for Nigeria using history as a guide to arrive at what I believe is a Just solution that will be favourable to all.

Gender representation in advert - 897 Words

Textual Investigation Explore how gender is represented in Joop! Homme. The slogan ‘Real Men Wear Pink’ denotes a naked man being embraced by a woman who is holding a bottle of Joop Homme. The representation of the man connotes a masculine confidence in wearing pink, a colour traditionally used to represent femininity. This suggests that the man is confident in his masculinity and that he doesn’t need colours like blue or black to show his masculinity and also that he is subverting the stereotype of male representation. Traditionally men were linked with colours like blue or bold colours, and girls were linked with pink or softer colours. The colour scheme of this advertisement contradicts traditional gender representations. Although†¦show more content†¦The 50s ad has a more homely domestic sort of feel because of how the man and woman in the ad are dressed. The man is wearing a suit which gives a professional and a more sophisticated look, also the gender representation shows to look like the common/respectable/perfect ma n back in the 50s you have to wear a suit with a clean shaven face and short neat hair. Also the woman in the ad has a more domestic look with neat hair and also her make-up is more motherly and gives a more traditional, albeit outdated representation of her gender. Representations of gender in the Joop advert, although fully of sexual imagery and subverting the stereotype of ‘pink is for girls’ still conforms to traditional stereotypical representations of masculinity and femininity. The male is still shown as the aggressor and in charge. He is now a man who is more confident in his masculinity and is more unshaven than the 1950s representation of men. This suggests that the advert is responding to one of Maslow’s needs theory : the need to dominate. It creates a representation of a man wanting to be in control. It could also be argued that it also responds to the need for attention. The representation of gender is shown in a way that men are more dominant and powerful. It is the same as the representations of the 1950s but this time it uses sex to emphasise theShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Representation of Men and Women in the Media863 Words   |  4 PagesThe Representation of Men and Women in the Media Men and women are both represented differently in the media these days. Ironically it was even represented differently in the title of this essay. Men came before women! I am writing an essay to explain how men and women are represented in the media. I will show you my understanding of how in the past women were marginalised in the media and how men were shown as powerful figures. I will use the following sources in myRead MoreGender Representation Of The Media1147 Words   |  5 PagesGender representation in the media has sparked a lot of arguments amongst many scholars regarding the way females are depicted (Broude Garrard, 1995: Thornham, 2007). Over the last few years many female emancipation campaigns targeted at correcting the current representation of females in the media have emerged (Carson, Dittmar Welsch, 1994: Miller, 2003). But is the media really representing women as sexual objects? This is a question that lingers in the minds of many people whenever this argumentRead MoreAdvertising Guide Consumers Thinking, Actions And Behaviour1421 Words   |  6 Pagessuch as TV adverts, billboards and print ads, outline the way men and women should be according to society. Advertisers give us gender specific advertisements to explain how it is to be a man or a woman. Society has grasped the concepts of what traditional roles in gender should be and applies them to advance t heir products and reach consumers. In it’s usual and verbal representation of the sexes, advertising comes to function as ideological apparatus for the reproduction of our gender identitiesRead More`` Eat Like A Man, Man : The Advertisement For Their New Texas Double Whopper Burger1473 Words   |  6 PagesBurger King left its viewers pondering upon witnessing the â€Å"I Am Man† promotional advertisement for their new Texas Double Whopper burger. This brief but influential advert left its viewers wondering whether their diet was masculine or feminine. Within the advertisement, Burger King establishes a theme of power and masculinity, promoting gender roles and stereotypes while belittling the feminist movement through making a mockery of it. The theme of masculinity and power is very apparent within the adRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Printed Media on Gender Roles1672 Words   |  7 Pages I will be looking at women’s to-be-looked-at-ness, and examining the representations of women as objects of the male gaze and male desires. In simple terms, a stereotype is the application of one (usually negative) characteristic to a whole group. The stereotype is an easy concept to understand, but there are some points you need to consider when looking at media representations with regard to stereotyping. For a stereotype to ‘work’ it needs to be recognisableRead MoreIdentity : Social Identity And Self Identity Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pagesand personality, and social identity refers to the idea of who an individual is, where they came from and their social status within the society. Gender is an important aspect of our social identity as it helps people to conform into a contributing member of society. Unlike sex, which refers to people’s biological differences of being female or male, gender is socially constructed; it is a set of social expectations of how people should act based on their sex (O’shaughnessy Stadler, 2012, p370). AdvertisingRead MoreThe Traditional Roles of Women in the 1970 ´s 1274 Words   |  5 PagesCourtney and Lockeretz (1971) reviewed 312 printed adverts in eight different types of magazines during the 1970s. According to Courtney and Lockeretz (1971) they believed the adverts they reviewed reflected the following stereotypes o f women. Women were portrayed as being home-makers, only being dependent on men, sex objects for men and not being able to make important decisions (Wenner and Jackson, 2009). One way adverts have portrayed women is stereotypically, emphasising on the importance ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Pantene s Sorry, Not Sorry1591 Words   |  7 Pagesturned a gender neutral issue into a women’s specific issue. This essay will compare Pantene’s ‘Sorry Not Sorry’ advertisements between three other advertisements, Folgers Mountain Grown Coffee adverts from the 1950’s, a Tui beer commercial and the Always #LikeAGirl advertisement. This is done with the intention of viewing the differences and similarities between these advertisements. Rosalind Gill does make a compelling argument that can be supported when we look at the representations of womenRead MoreAssessment of the View That Mass Media Perpetuates Stereotypes of Gender1265 Words   |  6 PagesAssessment of th e View That Mass Media Perpetuates Stereotypes of Gender In this essay I will be writing about the way in which the mass media reinforces the idea of stereotypes of gender. The mass media has existed for many hundreds of years, and its role is to socialise us into different stereotypes such as Gender and Race. Gender is perhaps the basic category we use for sorting human beings. Essential ideas that we get about our own identity’s come from someone else’s Read MoreRacial Discrimination And Discrimination899 Words   |  4 Pagesanalyze discrimination by looking at racism, sexism and genderism in advertisements from Dove, Nivea, and Bristol CityFox Taxi Firm. This advertisement analysis is going to dig into the underlying factors of discrimination – including race, sex, and gender. Prejudice attitudes and discriminatory behaviour should not be acquainted with one another, but they have proven to be. Discrimination, according to the Sociology – A Brief Introduction by â€Å"the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals

The Truth About Life On Earth Essay - 1012 Words

Spenser Larson Ms. Aukes English II 17 September 2015 The Truth About Life on Earth â€Å"Our public schools arbitrarily define science as explaining the world by natural processes alone. In essence, a religion of naturalism is being imposed on millions of students. They need to be taught the real nature of science, including its limitations† (â€Å"Ken Ham Quotes†). Evolution is defined according to Webster s dictionary as â€Å"a theory that the differences between modern plants and animals are because of changes that happened by a natural process over a very long time† (Merriam-Webster). Darwin’s Evolution believes that species evolve overtime to better adapt to their environment. Darwin also believes that all animals originated from a common ancestor. Creationists believe that God created man and all beings in 6 days. No species of animals evolved from their creative and original kind into human beings. Although many people believe evolution is the scientific reason for our existence, creation is the accu rate reason for our life on Earth because evolution lacks scientific facts, ruins the foundation of humanity, and limits people s critical thinking. Evolution lacks scientific facts. Science and evolution do not go hand in hand when talking between the two subjects. â€Å"We emphasize that evolutionists’ tirades are not with standing. It is a Philosophical worldview, nothing more† (â€Å"Scientific Case Against Evolution†). Evolutionists go on and on about how they have multiple factsShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Human have on Our Planet799 Words   |  3 Pagesthat the Earth is so big that we humans cannot possibly have any major impact on the way our planet’s ecological system operates† (Al Gore in An Inconvenient Truth, by Al Gore). Former Vice President Al Gore made a documentary movie called, â€Å"An Inconvenient Truth.† He talks about how global warming is affecting our way of life and how it is affecting the Earth. He mentions facts ab out the misconceptions that surround global warming, which is very surprising to see and hear that our Earth is beingRead MoreEssay about The History and Practice of Buddhism (Mahayana Sect)1023 Words   |  5 PagesStates, about one million people serve one form of Buddhism. From Indian, China, Japan, Russia to the United States have practitioners of Buddhism. Siddhartha Gotama known as Buddha was the creator of Buddhism some 2,500 year ago in India. Buddha taught his followers a philosophy teaching a way of life not just a religion. Buddha also taught followers: have a spiritual life, to stay mindful and aware of thinking paths gain, and achieve wisdom and understanding of one physical and spiritual life. Read MoreThe Revolutions Of The Heavenly Bodies1479 Words   |  6 Pagestime, believed that the Earth was the center of the universe. Because he was trying to say that the church was wrong, he knew that he could not release his book. He waited until right before his death to release his book. The timing of the release of Copernicus’ book was an essential part of the Scientific Revolution because the Church could not confront him after the book was released. The idea that the Earth was the center of the universe was not challenged until about 1507 when Nicholas CopernicusRead MoreThe Theory of Evolution Essay1255 Words   |  6 Pagesliterally interpreted. Young earth creationism, as it is also called, believes that the earth is just between 6,000 to 10,000 years old. This contradicts many scientific records including fossils dated older than that. Radioactive dating shows the earth to be around 4.5 billion years old, much older than the views of Fundamental Christianity. It also rejects the foundational findings and understandings of Biology, Physics, chemistry, astrophysics and geology. (Cline, 1) Young earth creationists do notRead MoreWhat is Absolute Truth? Essay1318 Words   |  6 Pagesconsidered true or false. The truth can be something that appeals to a person, or that it can reason with a persons knowledge that they have already develop. The knowledge we possess can shape the way we think, so does this also change the in t he truth that a person sees. Our knowledge also limits us to what we considered to be true. In our century every year we discover something new so our truth is constantly changing. One of the conflicts that also comes to mind when talking about true and false is whetherRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Warming978 Words   |  4 Pagesnext one comes into the spotlight and leaves no room for people to worry about our planet. The conservation of our planet has been a topic of controversy for some time now. There is insurmountable evidence proving the melting of icebergs because of global warming, yet there are some who ignore it and there are some who even deny the plausibility of global warming. An article written in 2016 from LiveScience.org proves the Earths temperature has been increasing at an average of 1.35 degree’s CelsiusRead MoreThe Plan For Get Climate Change Denial Into Schools1116 Words   |  5 Pagesof â€Å"The Plan to Get Climate-Change Denial Into Schools† writes about activist that want the education system of Texas to teach their children that climate change is an opinion rather that a fact. Emily McBurney, member of the Truth in Texas Textbooks coalition, is rating textbooks that do not meet her standards of education. She and other members are hoping that they influence the state not to purchase the material. That will serve about five million Texas public schools for at least a decade. MostRead More The Truth in Art: Vincent Van Goghs Work of Art Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesmay be. Heidegger describes art as a whole through the philosophies of existence and truth. To truly interpret Heidegger’s critic of aesthetics, it is important to know his opinions of true works of art. He has a strong view on the importance art had in history: â€Å"Art is history in the essential sense that it grounds history. Art lets truth originate. Art, founding preserving, is the spring that leaps to the truth of what is, in the work†(Heidegger 75). To give an anecdote to his argument, HeideggerRead MoreGalileo vs. The Bible Essay707 Words   |  3 PagesGalileo vs. The Bible Religion and science have always been conflicting studies. Religion, being based on faith, relies on the supernatural to explain life and being. Science, on the other hand, cannot do this. Scientists need to eliminate the possibility of the unexplainable in order to maintain and control group by which to measure other groups. The unexplainable I refer to are the miracles that are commonplace in all supernatural religions. Galileo lived in a time where church was state.Read MoreGlobal Warming Is The Greatest Challenge That Our Planet Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pageswarming is the greatest challenge that our planet is facing today. The continuous rise in the earth s temperature has been a current and widely discussed topic in today s world. Roland Emmerich s sci-fi thrillers The day after tomorrow and 2012 and scientific documentaries such as Leonardo DiCaprio s The 11th hour and Davis Guggenheim s An inconvenient truth aim to raise public awareness about the dangers of global warmin g and calls for immediate action to curb its destructive effects

Persuasive Essay On The Death Penalty - 910 Words

I will be talking about the history of capital punishment, and why others believe it is okay. Capital punishment is when someone has committed a crime in which they are sentenced to death. In this paper I will be arguing that the death penalty is okay. Capital punishment has been a controversial and debatable issue for centuries. People have been sentenced to capital punishment since the beginning of time, it has been accepted as fair punishment by law enforcement within any period. Over time capital punishment has become more humane, going from beheadings, to electric chairs, to now a lethal injection, however the result has remained the same. The point is that they still take place in civilization today. The issue with the†¦show more content†¦The point is not to give the death penalty so freely to every criminal who murders someone, but only those very extreme and severe cases where the person committed the crime was a serial killer or someone who got pleasure form murder ing the victims. Capital punishment should only be given after much investigation and a certainty of who the criminal is in order to prevent executions of innocent people. However it is certain that this punishment is necessary for several reasons. For starts one of the biggest upsides of the death penalty is that once the criminal is executed the families of the victim gets closure and feel safer that that person is no longer a threat to them. Also this is a way of the legal system to show potential criminals that capital punishment will be issued and perhaps deterring crime. In only special cases then, the death penalty is not only a reasonable punishment it is necessary. The death penalty is racist, and has been applied in racially-discriminated ways. African American men are disproportionately sentenced to capital punishment. It is easier for African Americans to obtain the death penalty, there are poor judgment calls within the criminal justice system. (Commondreams 2016) It is proven that over time more Caucasian males have been sentenced to capital punishment than any other ethnic group. The supreme courts have never been ruled unconstitutional because of racism, or the death penalty. ThereforeShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On The Death Penalty1187 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the history, the death penalty is considered to be the ultimate punishment for criminals. There are many arguments that the death penalty should be abolished because it is cruel and inhumane. Many nations have abolished it, but our country, is one of those fifty-eight nations that still practice the death penalty. Therefore, it must be maintained throughout society as a final resort against malevolent criminals, who do not fear other punishments. However, I do not advocate the use ofRead MorePersuasive Essay On The Death Penalty1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe Death penalty has been a part of society and its legal system for centuries; it became a necessary punishment to dangerous crimes and a way to liberate the community from dangerous criminals. However, now this type of punishment is seen as crime against humanistic values by many, and is questionable in the legal system. It has resulted in a range of inconsistency with the laws on this issue. Nations including China, the US, Iran, Belarus, and others keep the death penalty as an option, whileRead MorePersuasive Essay On The Death Penalty1151 Words   |  5 Pagesshould happen to dangerous criminals? Watching the news just thinking â€Å"huh?† Well what do you think should happen to the dangerous criminals? There are many opinions. Some people think the only option is the death penalty. I honestly agree and disagree with that because there are some death penalties a re justified and some are not .Listen to these two cases. Thurgood Marshall was confirmed as the nation’s first African-American Supreme Court Justice. Marshall’s legacy is linked to his historic victoryRead MorePersuasive Essay On The Death Penalty1403 Words   |  6 PagesDeath Penalty The reason the death penalty should not be allowed is because it is just an easy way to get out of what the person has done. If that person does a crime they should do the time no matter what they did. No one should not be able to get an easier way out of what they have done by getting the death penalty. Jail time could be sentenced for the rest of his or her life based on the crime committed, and that way they can sit in the jail cell and really think about what they did insteadRead MorePersuasive Essay On Death Penalty1158 Words   |  5 Pages Death Penalty Essay Hammurabi once said, â€Å"An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.† As of April 1, 2017, there were 2,843 death row inmates in the United States. Society has changed at some point over time. At some point people have forgotten the difference between right and wrong and have forgotten that some things aren’t okay to do. People think that it is okay to kill, rape, torture, etc. They think they can do all of this stuff and not get punished for their actions. How can we as a societyRead MorePersuasive Essay On Death Penalty1870 Words   |  8 PagesThe death penalty—a controversial response to heinous crimes like murder. Its use and consequences are often debated and researched. In this essay I will be synthesizing the information we have about the death penalty and its use. I will also examine the integrity behind the arguments for and against its use, as well. First we’ll look at which places around the world are still practicing this capital punishment and the trends of its use across time. Then we’ll examine the components of the death penaltyRead MorePersuasive Essay On The Death Penalty1026 Words   |  5 Pagesdeclared on the cruel punishment of the death penalty, â€Å"To take a life when a life has been lost is revenge, not justice. The death penalty is used as an option of punishment against someone accused of capital crime, such as murder. Thirty-six countries out of the one hundred and ninety-five on Earth have the death penalty as a legal sentence still to this day, yet the sentencing is rarely actually used, which is needless in today’s society. The death penalty is not a valid way to punish felons, becauseRead MorePersuasive Essay On Death Penalty1618 Words   |  7 PagesDeath Penalty Since the year 1976, around 1,462 people in the United States have been executed by lethal injection. Practiced in 31 states and abolished in 19 the death penalty has remained a center stone of debate since its launch in 1976. With so many differing viewpoints, arguments pertaining to the moral issue, legal considerations and possible alternatives have been left unsettled since. The ongoing tug-of-war within these topics slowly tries to chip away at the big question. Should the deathRead MorePersuasive Essay On The Death Penalty952 Words   |  4 Pages The Death Penalty, its one of the most controversial discussions that is being brought up more and more in view of the fact that horrible offences are being committed eversomore. The penalty is discussed in the means of just or unjust, is it right or wrong. I believe that it should be implemented nationwide because of the number of murders, mass shootings, bombings, and many more horrific crimes. In the United States, the Death Penalty is currently in constant discussion and both sides are buttingRead MorePersuasive Essay On The Death Penalty833 Words   |  4 Pages The death penalty may seem harsh, but its more than necessary in our country. This punishment deters other criminals and other crimes from happening. Innocent lives will be saved if we execute vile criminals with this punishment since they can no longer hurt or terrorize others. Criminals deserve to have their life taken since theyve taken others and their rights. The death penalty is necessary since it deters criminals, save others, and make criminals pay for what theyve done. Seeing other

Taxation Implications of Insurance in Business

Question: Discuss about the Taxation Implications of Insurance in Business. Answer: Introduction The first decision of the high court relating to the interpretation of GST Act is the case of Reliance Carpet. The decision relates to the treatment of GST on deposit amount in case of decline of land contract. In this paper, the decision of the court is examined and the implications are analyzed (Millar 2013). The High Court on May 2008 held that for supplies made by the Reliance Carpet Co Pty Ltd in relation with retention of forfeited deposit the company is liable to account for the GST (Thampapillai et al. 2015). This is a remarkable decision because of various reasons that are highlighted below: This is the first decision of the high court relating to the application of the GST Act; In this case, the court has made numerous observations relating to the characteristic of the transaction. This would be helpful in analyzing the transactions for the purpose of GST; In this case the court has departed from the approach that was applied to the analogous transactions in the same context by the foreign courts; The application of this decision by the commission in various other context makes this decision more remarkable and important; In this case, Reliance carpet made an agreement on 3 December 2001 that gives the holder of the agreement an option to purchase commercial property in lieu of an option fee of $25000.00. It was stipulated in the option agreement that if the Reliance Carpet receives the letter exercising the option along with the payment of $297500. Then in such case, the Reliance carpet and the purchaser both are bound by the terms of the agreement and they are compulsorily required to sell and purchase the property as per the agreement (Millar 2014). On 5 February 2002, the payment for deposit was made and the contract was implemented and exchanged. It was provided in the contract that the balance of the purchase price should be paid on or before 10 January 2003. The solicitor of Reliance carpet released the deposit on 27 February 2002. The purchaser failed to comply with the contract within the scheduled date (Krever and Mellor 2014). There was further a failure to provide any remedy by the purchas er within 14 days of recession notice issued by the Reliance Carpet. The contract was cancelled on 26 July 2003 and this resulted in the forfeiture of deposit of Reliance Carpet. The commissioner in its notice dated 9 November 2004 assessed that the Reliance carpet is liable to pay GST on the amount of deposit that has been forfeited. There was an objection made on the decision by Reliance Carpet and they applied for appeal on the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) for reviewing the decision (Tolhurst 2016). Relevant laws related to the case The section 7-1 of the GST Act states that on taxable supplies the GST is payable. There are two requirements that must be fulfilled for a supply to be taxable supply as provided in section 9-5(a) of the act (Wheelahan 2016). These requirements are: The first requirement is that there must be a supply; The second requirement is that supply must be made for a consideration; The definition of supply provided under section 9-10(1) of the act states that supply include any form of supply. The definition specifically includes grant of real property, surrender of any right or release from any obligation (ORourke 2016). The definition of consideration has a broad meaning and it includes: Payment made in supply of anything; and Payment made for the supply of anything; The GST Act also deals with the rules relating to the timing of the GST. In case of accrual taxpayer the rules provides that GST liability for the taxpayer will arise earlier of the following: At the time of receiving the consideration; or At the time of receiving of supply; The rules also provides that if the taxpayer has received part payment for the supply then GST amount is payable on the entire amount of the supply. Therefore, it can be said that GST liability is not limited to 1/11 of the amount received but the GST is payable on the total consideration payable for the supply (Barnett and Harder 2014). However, it is provided that if the deposit is forfeited or applied as a part of full consideration then deposit is regarded as a part of the supply for the purpose of GST. The commissioner argued that in Division 99 the forfeited deposit is regarded as a taxable supply. If this judgment is held, correct then the question of supply and whether the deposit is part of the supply will be answered (Freedland et al. 2016). The decision of the tribunal states that based on the provisions of the GST Act the deposit should be treated as a part of the consideration after it is forfeited. The GST amount becomes payable in the period the deposit amount is forfeited. Therefore, it was concluded that Reliance carpet is required to pay GST on the amount of the deposit forfeited (Butt 2013). The Reliance carpet appealed to the decision of the tribunal in the full Federal Court. The Federal court in its judgment found that forfeited deposit amount is not to be regarded as a consideration for supply. The argument of the company was that contract of supply was made only for one supply and this is a real property. It was further argued that on completion of the contract the property was made available to the purchaser as per the terms of the contract (Burrows 2015). As per the single supply argument, it was held that if the contract is terminated then there is no supply for which deposit could be considered as consideration. The taxpayer relied on two arguments this are guarantee argument and damages argument. The guarantee argument provides that as suggested by the tribunal and commissioner the deposit have two purposes. The first purpose is that deposit acts as a part payment for the supply of the real property. The second purpose is that deposit acts as a guarantee that the purchaser will perform its obligations under the contract. The taxpayer argued that i f the guarantee was the supply then it was provided to the purchaser on behalf of the deposit. It was argued that if guarantee is regarded as separate supply then purchaser provided it to the vendor. Therefore, in such case the forfeiture of the deposit amount will not result in any supply by the vendor to the purchaser. It was found that forfeiture of deposit is the contractual right that was exercised by the vendor (Carter 2013). The damages argument stated that deposit is regarded as damage so it cannot be considered as supply that is made by the vendor to the purchaser. In the full court judgment, it was found that if an applicant enters into a contract for sale or purchase then such contract is for the supply of real property and nothing more or less. The court held that the decision of the tribunal required the contract to be split into two parts supply of interim obligation and supply of actual property. The court adopted the approach that transaction cannot be classified bas ed on the individual rights as held in the case of Hallstroms Pty Limited V Commissioner of Taxation (1946) and Commissioner of Taxation V Raymor (NSW) (1990). Therefore based on the above arguments it was held that forfeited deposit is not to be regarded as supply and hence GST is not payable. The commissioner challenged the judgment in the high court. The court has made significant observation in deciding the case. The court held that the term supply should include a grant, assignment or surrender of real property. It was held that the term real property has an extensive meaning. The court has made number of important observation relating to the nature of deposit. It has said that deposit is a type of standalone obligation and the deposit is a form of security that the purchaser has given to the taxpayer for the performance of the contract. There was other aspect of deposit that supported the case of the taxpayer (Groppi and Ponthoreau 2013). However, the court concluded that for the case of the commissioner it is sufficient that one or more characteristics of consideration are satisfied so that deposit can be regarded as consideration. In this case, the deposit performed as a security for the completion of the contract and it was to be forfeited on failure. Based on the above arguments the High Court found that forfeited deposit is a consideration in connection with the supply made by the taxpayer. Hence, it was concluded that the taxpayer has made taxable supply (DAVIES 2013). Analysis of the decision In the judgment of the high court, there was no observation made on the nature of the GST. The Judgment only mentions that GST is a tax on supplies but it is not a tax on consumption. The judgment did not provide any general guidance relating to the interpretation of the GST. From the decision, it could be implied that high court has rejected the commercial or substance approach that have been taken for the interpretation of GST (Stefanou 2016). The high court has ignored one of the main concerns raised in the full federal court that whether the termination of deposit is subject to GST if the supply is free from GST. The section 9-30 of the GST Act has provided solution to this difficulty. It states that if the right to receive a supply is GST free then the supply itself will be GST free. There is no clarity whether section 9-30 of the GST Act is applicable in the judgment of the high court. The commissioner has earlier adopted a position in GSTR 2006/2 that GST is applicable for for feited deposit even if it is a GST free supply. However, currently the commissioner in its statement has confirmed that in case of a GST free supply the deposit forfeited for such supply is also GST free (Stefanou 2016). The decision of the high court has far-reaching consequences this decision will make the taxpayer revisit all the transaction related to forfeited deposit. There is another effect in the courts decision that where the Division 99 is not applicable then the consideration that is received on supply is regarded as initial grant of right and not the part of the core supply that is the main subject matter of the contract. The high court decision has encouraged the use of the liquidated damage clause. The contracting party can enter into agreement for refund of deposit on all situation rather than forfeiture (Barkoczy 2016). The high court has rejected the argument of the Reliance carpet that there was no relation between the supply and the forfeited deposit. It was argued by the Reliance carpet that numerous rights and obligations under the contract were exchanged irrespective of the fact whether the deposit is paid or not. From the decision of the high court, it can be implied that if th e considered is connected with the supply then it is regarded that there is a relationship between the supply and consideration. This can be contrasted with the test provided under section 95- (a) for determining supply made for a consideration (Stefanou 2016). Conclusion The above discussion has highlighted the case of the Reliance carpet and the decision that was taken on that case. Based on the above discussion it can be concluded that the case will have significant impact on the landscape of the GST. The importance of the decision can be realized from the fact that it was recently quoted in a full federal court and the commissioner has also quoted the decision in recent draft rulings. Reference Barkoczy, S., 2016. Foundations of Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalogue. Barnett, K. and Harder, S., 2014.Remedies in Australian Private Law. Cambridge University Press. Burrows, A. ed., 2015.Principles of English Commercial Law. Oxford University Press. Busch, D., Macgregor, L. and Watts, P. eds., 2016.Agency Law in Commercial Practice. Oxford University Press. Butt, P., 2013.Modern legal drafting: a guide to using clearer language. Cambridge University Press. Carter, J.W., 2013.The construction of commercial contracts. Bloomsbury Publishing. DAVIES, B.K., 2013.THE TAXATION IMPLICATIONS OF INSURANCE IN BUSINESS SUCCESSION PLANNING IN AN AUSTRALIAN CONTEXTA PROPOSAL FOR REFORM(Doctoral dissertation, The University of Western Australia). Freedland, M., Bogg, A., Cabrelli, D., Collins, H., Countouris, N., Davies, A.C.L., Deakin, S. and Prassl, J. eds., 2016.The Contract of Employment. Oxford University Press. Groppi, T. and Ponthoreau, M.C. eds., 2013.The use of foreign precedents by constitutional judges. Bloomsbury Publishing. Krever, R. and Mellor, P., 2014. Legal Interpretation of Tax Law: Australia.Legal Interpretation of Tax Law (Amsterdam: Kluwer, 2014), pp.15-45. Millar, R., 2013. Thoughts on the Contribution of the Late Justice JG Hill to Australia's GST.Austl. Tax F.,28, p.137. Millar, R., 2014. Grappling with basic VAT concepts in the Australian GST: the meaning of supply for consideration.World Journal of VAT/GST Law,3(1), pp.1-31. ORourke, K., 2016. Taking the purpose out of creditable purpose.Tax Specialist,20(2), p.50. Stefanou, C., 2016.Drafting legislation: a modern approach. Routledge. Thampapillai, D., Tan, V., Bozzi, C. and Matthew, A., 2015.Australian Commercial Law. Cambridge University Press. Tolhurst, G., 2016.The assignment of contractual rights. Bloomsbury Publishing. Wheelahan, E., 2016. Contemporary issues in construing tax legislation.Taxation in Australia,51(4), p.197.

Personal Finance Plan Worksheet free essay sample

The process of creating a detailed plan to meet your financial needs and prepare for the future is called b. personal financial planning. 2. Which of the following is not one of the five major steps of the financial planning process? c. collect and organize your financial information 3. Which phase in life is commonly associated with focus on marriage, family, purchasing a home, and career development? c. ate 20’s through your 40’s 4. Which of the following is a benefit of having a college degree that can affect your financial planning? d. all the above 5. Which of the following elements of a comprehensive financial plan involves analyzing future needs, such as saving for retirement or college funding for dependents? d. protecting wealth and dependents Directions Respond to the following short-answer questions in 50-to 100-words: 6. People have different styles when it comes to handling their money. List the two things that affect your personal beliefs and opinions about financial planning. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Finance Plan Worksheet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page How well do you feel you manage your money? Can you spot areas for improvement in your money management style, and if so, where/how? a. Two things that affect my personal beliefs about financial planning are: my family composition and values. I want my family to be comfortable and I also save but not as much and often as I should. Making sure I save for hard time and my family stability is a must. Setting up a budget is a main topic in my household. b. I can do better and stop tapping into my savings. I do have a savings account that is linked to my account. Everytime I spend something a dollar is sent to my savings, so that also help me balance my account as well. I also need to focus on our needs and not what we want. c. Yes I could stop spending more money and save more which is hard because we just moved and we are buying the house we are renting. Im putting money into the house but bills still have to be paid. We are starting to do a budget to eliminate the how, who, when, and where. 7. Which element of the comprehensive financial plan focuses on your housing needs, setting aside money for emergencies, and establishing a career path? Consider your own finances. Do currectly own a vehicle and/or home? If yes, how well do you manage monthly home and auto expenses? How well do you save for unforeseen expenses? a. Securing basic needs b. I own two vehicles and purchasing a home. We pay our mortgage at the beginning of the month in which we split, we pay the bills as soon as we get the bills and we split those as well, then the car notes are split up, and at the end of the month our car insurance is due. c. We have a savings account that pulls money from our checking whenever we spend money nd then we literally have what I call a piggy bank and we save change as well. There is nothing wrong about saving change because it does add up. 8. The economy is unpredictable and can affect your personal financial planning. List one factor in economic conditions that may affect your financial future. How could you reduce the impact of that factor on your finances? a. Inflation b. To reduce the affect of inflation is to save and go on a budget. You can also shop smarter by shopping cheaper, like generic brands. Also using coupons and your rewards card to reduce the cost of groceries and gas. You can shop around for the cheapest prices and most of the time if you buy in bulk its cheaper. 9. Which step in the five-step financial planning process requires you to organize your financial information, create personal financial statements, and evaluate your current financial position? Have you ever completed this step? If so, is it still applicable to your current financial situation? If not, do you plan to do this soon? Why or why not? a. Step1: Analyze your current financial position. b. Yes I have done it before, but now we just moved and we are now creating a new budget. Since the bills have changed we have to do a new budget and gather our bank statements, bills, and calculater our income to be more financially stable and save more money. We are currently going over a new budget as we speak. 10. Step Five in the five-step financial planning process discusses the importance of regularly reevaluating and revising your plan because personal circumstances often change. List two life changes that may require you to update your financial plan. Have you recently experienced a change that requires you to reevaluate your financial plan? If so, what was it and how have you accommodated it? (Please share only what you are comfortable sharing) a. Marriage and children b. I just recently got married and we’re just purchasing a home. My husband just received social security and 100% in military disability and I work. This make it a little easier for us to make it. I do have children and one is disabled so its tough but we make it. We split everything down the middle so no one person would be overwhelmed with paying all the bills on their own. We try to do a budget and stick to it. We do bargin shop and try to limit where we go due to high gas prices. We also put money to the side for different things we want to do whether its go out to eat, go to the movies, or date night. We also put money back for food and gas. We include everything we do and everything that can happen in our budget and daily life.